Six actives.
Here is what the research actually says.

What it is. An extract of the milk thistle plant, standardized around a group of compounds collectively called silymarin. It has been used in traditional European liver preparations for centuries and is the single most-studied botanical in this category.

What the research looks at. Silymarin is studied for its antioxidant activity and for its role in supporting normal liver function. It is one of the few botanicals in this space with a large body of human research behind it, including randomized trials.

The honest read. The trial results are mixed, and much of the strongest research involves clinical populations under medical care rather than healthy adults taking a supplement. We include it because it is the best-studied ingredient in the category, not because the science is settled.

What it is. N-Acetyl Cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine. Your body uses cysteine as the rate-limiting building block when it makes glutathione, an antioxidant your own cells produce.

What the research looks at. NAC is studied as a glutathione precursor: research looks at whether supplying more of the building block helps the body maintain its own glutathione production. It is also one of the most familiar compounds in hospital medicine, where it is used at doses far above anything in a supplement.

The honest read. That hospital use is exactly why NAC has a reputation, and exactly what a daily gummy is not. A supplemental dose supports your body's own glutathione production; it does not do what an IV protocol does, and we will never imply otherwise.

What it is. A compound your body makes in small amounts and uses in energy metabolism. It is unusual among antioxidants in that it is active in both watery and fatty environments, so it can operate in more parts of the cell.

What the research looks at. Alpha-lipoic acid is studied for its antioxidant activity and for its role in normal metabolic function. The research base is broad: it has been examined across many different outcomes over several decades.

The honest read. Breadth is not the same as depth. The quality of evidence varies a lot from outcome to outcome, and many studies use doses and durations that differ from supplemental use. We include it for its antioxidant role, full stop.

What it is. A concentrated extract of the turmeric root, standardized for curcuminoids, the compounds the research actually looks at. This is not powdered kitchen spice; the extract carries far more curcuminoid per milligram.

What the research looks at. Curcumin is studied largely for its role in supporting a healthy inflammatory response, one of the most active research areas in all of botanical science, with hundreds of human studies of varying quality.

The honest read. Curcumin is poorly absorbed on its own, and much of the research pairs it with an absorption enhancer such as black pepper extract. Our formula does not include one, so treat our turmeric as a supporting ingredient rather than the headline. We would rather tell you that here than let a label imply otherwise.

What it is. An extract of the leaves of the globe artichoke, a Mediterranean staple with a long history in traditional digestive preparations. Its studied compounds include cynarin and luteolin.

What the research looks at. Artichoke leaf is studied in relation to digestive comfort and healthy bile flow, which is the liver's own contribution to digestion. Most of the human research is small.

The honest read. The human evidence is limited: small studies, short durations, and results that need replication. Its inclusion leans on traditional use plus early research, and we say so plainly.

What it is. The root of the common dandelion, one of the classic bitter herbs. Bitters have been used in liver and digestive formulations across many traditions for a very long time.

What the research looks at. Dandelion root is studied for its traditional role in digestive and liver support formulations. Most of the published work is preclinical, meaning lab and animal research rather than human trials.

The honest read. This is the most traditional and least-studied ingredient in the formula, and we include it as exactly that: a classic bitter with heritage behind it and limited human evidence. If an ingredient list tells you dandelion is proven, it is overselling.